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# The Young Person's Guide to Programming in Minecraft # The Young Person's Guide to Programming in Minecraft
## 2013/01/08 17:26
### Introduction ## Introduction
Minecraft is an open-ended 3D game where you can build and craft Minecraft is an open-ended 3D game where you can build and craft
anything you like. Minecraft can be extended and enhanced using 'Mods' anything you like. Minecraft can be extended and enhanced using 'Mods'
@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ players connect to a Minecraft Server on the internet or locally
![Cottages created using ScriptCraft in MineCraft][img_cr] ![Cottages created using ScriptCraft in MineCraft][img_cr]
### Installation ## Installation
CraftBukkit is a version of the Minecraft server software which allows CraftBukkit is a version of the Minecraft server software which allows
easy addition of 'Mods' and extensions to Minecraft. ScriptCraft is a easy addition of 'Mods' and extensions to Minecraft. ScriptCraft is a
@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ Minecraft your way using Javascript. Javascript is easier to learn than
Java but it's also more flexible and powerful and is used for creating Java but it's also more flexible and powerful and is used for creating
interactive web sites and many other applications. interactive web sites and many other applications.
### Learning Javascript ## Learning Javascript
To begin creating cool stuff in Minecraft using ScriptCraft, you don't To begin creating cool stuff in Minecraft using ScriptCraft, you don't
*have* to know much JavaScript. ScriptCraft comes with lots of functions *have* to know much JavaScript. ScriptCraft comes with lots of functions
@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ your friends. If you want to get started learning JavaScript, check out
this [fun Javascript Tutorial][ce]. If you want to dive right in to this [fun Javascript Tutorial][ce]. If you want to dive right in to
ScriptCraft, read on... ScriptCraft, read on...
### First Steps ## First Steps
If you don't already know Javascript, don't worry, you'll learn a little If you don't already know Javascript, don't worry, you'll learn a little
about Programming and Javascript along the way. You've set up a about Programming and Javascript along the way. You've set up a
@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ press enter: `js 1 + 1` The number 2 should be displayed.
... Well Done! You've just confirmed you can run Javascript code from ... Well Done! You've just confirmed you can run Javascript code from
within the Minecraft Console. within the Minecraft Console.
### Variables ## Variables
A variable is how you name something for the computer (and you the A variable is how you name something for the computer (and you the
programmer) to remember. You create a new variable in Javascript using programmer) to remember. You create a new variable in Javascript using
@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ are handy "free" variables created for you by ScriptCraft. One such variable is
... for me but the message displayed will be different for every player. ... for me but the message displayed will be different for every player.
### Functions ## Functions
ScriptCraft comes with a couple of extra functions not normally found in ScriptCraft comes with a couple of extra functions not normally found in
Javascript. These functions will help you build new structures and Javascript. These functions will help you build new structures and
@ -235,7 +234,7 @@ in-game console. You'll see the number displayed is different each
time. Think of Math.random() as a Dice with many many sides. You can time. Think of Math.random() as a Dice with many many sides. You can
rely on it to never return the same value twice. rely on it to never return the same value twice.
### Building stuff in Minecraft ## Building stuff in Minecraft
Now we get to the fun stuff - creating structures and buildings in Now we get to the fun stuff - creating structures and buildings in
Minecraft. Building by hand is fun but tedious when you want to build Minecraft. Building by hand is fun but tedious when you want to build
@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ will cycle through all of the block materials. Alternatively, you can
see many more current materials and the numbers Minecraft uses for see many more current materials and the numbers Minecraft uses for
them by visiting the [Minecraft Data Values][mcdv] site. them by visiting the [Minecraft Data Values][mcdv] site.
### Common Block Materials ## Common Block Materials
In Minecraft Programming, Materials aren't known by their name, In Minecraft Programming, Materials aren't known by their name,
instead numbers (sometimes 2 numbers) are used to indicate which instead numbers (sometimes 2 numbers) are used to indicate which
@ -301,7 +300,7 @@ a chart of all of the blocks (not items) in the Minecraft world...
![Minecraft Data Values][img_dv] ![Minecraft Data Values][img_dv]
### Dimensions ## Dimensions
`box()` can do more than just `box()` can do more than just
create single blocks - it can create cubes and cuboids of any create single blocks - it can create cubes and cuboids of any
@ -316,7 +315,7 @@ away you want something to extend.
![Width, Height and Depth][img_whd] ![Width, Height and Depth][img_whd]
### More shapes ## More shapes
* `box0( block, width, height, depth )` - creates an empty box (with the * `box0( block, width, height, depth )` - creates an empty box (with the
insides hollowed out - perfect for dwellings. `box0` will remove both insides hollowed out - perfect for dwellings. `box0` will remove both
@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ away you want something to extend.
* `prism( block, width, depth )` - creates a Prism - good for roofs. * `prism( block, width, depth )` - creates a Prism - good for roofs.
* `prism0( block, width, depth )` - creates an empty prism. * `prism0( block, width, depth )` - creates an empty prism.
### The Drone Object ## The Drone Object
ScriptCraft is a Minecraft Mod that lets you execute Javascript code ScriptCraft is a Minecraft Mod that lets you execute Javascript code
in the game. It also lets you write your own Mod in Javacript. One in the game. It also lets you write your own Mod in Javacript. One
@ -359,7 +358,7 @@ Drone is easy...
make the Drone turn twice so that it is facing in the opposite make the Drone turn twice so that it is facing in the opposite
direction. direction.
#### Chaining - combining bulding and movement. ### Chaining - combining bulding and movement.
You can make a Drone move around before and after building by You can make a Drone move around before and after building by
*daisy-chaining* the building and movement functions together. In the *daisy-chaining* the building and movement functions together. In the
@ -418,7 +417,7 @@ Both `chkpt()` and `mark()` are useful for when you want to build
complex things that require your Drone to move about a lot ( for complex things that require your Drone to move about a lot ( for
example, Castles, mansions, palaces, etc). example, Castles, mansions, palaces, etc).
### Saving your work ## Saving your work
You can build cool things using the in-game command-prompt and the You can build cool things using the in-game command-prompt and the
`/js` command but sooner or later you'll probably want to build `/js` command but sooner or later you'll probably want to build
@ -433,7 +432,7 @@ Notepad because it understands Javascript. If you prefer coding on a
Macintosh, then [TextWrangler][twl] is a good programming editor which Macintosh, then [TextWrangler][twl] is a good programming editor which
also understands Javascript code. also understands Javascript code.
### Your First Minecraft Mod! ## Your First Minecraft Mod!
So, You've learnt a little bit about Javascript and what the Drone() So, You've learnt a little bit about Javascript and what the Drone()
object can do, let's use that knowledge to create a Minecraft Mod! object can do, let's use that knowledge to create a Minecraft Mod!
@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ Mods is as simple as writing a new javascript function and saving it
in a file in the js-plugins directory. This function will now be in a file in the js-plugins directory. This function will now be
avaible every time you launch minecraft. avaible every time you launch minecraft.
#### Parameters ### Parameters
If you want to change the `greet()` function so that it displays a If you want to change the `greet()` function so that it displays a
greeting other than "Hi " you can change the code in the `greet()` greeting other than "Hi " you can change the code in the `greet()`
function, or better still, you can use *Parameters*. Parameters are function, or better still, you can use *Parameters*. Parameters are
@ -546,7 +545,7 @@ things...
... try comparing some more numbers yourself - say for example, ... try comparing some more numbers yourself - say for example,
compare the ages of your friends or siblings to your own age. compare the ages of your friends or siblings to your own age.
#### More fun with `true` or `false` ### More fun with `true` or `false`
You can find out if you can Fly in minecraft by typing the following statement... You can find out if you can Fly in minecraft by typing the following statement...
/js self.allowFlight /js self.allowFlight
@ -688,7 +687,7 @@ loop and arrays. Arrays and `for` loops are used heavily in all types
of software, in fact there probably isn't any software that doesn't of software, in fact there probably isn't any software that doesn't
use `for` loops and Arrays to get things done. use `for` loops and Arrays to get things done.
#### While Loops ### While Loops
Another way to repeat things over and over is to use a `while` Another way to repeat things over and over is to use a `while`
loop. The following `while` loop counts to 100... loop. The following `while` loop counts to 100...
@ -731,7 +730,7 @@ a matter of personal taste, `for` loops are more commonly used with
Arrays but as you see from the example above, `while` loops can also Arrays but as you see from the example above, `while` loops can also
loop over Arrays. loop over Arrays.
#### `utils.foreach()` - Yet another way to process Arrays ### `utils.foreach()` - Yet another way to process Arrays
Both the `for` statement and `while` statement are standard commonly Both the `for` statement and `while` statement are standard commonly
used javascript statements used for looping. ScriptCraft also comes used javascript statements used for looping. ScriptCraft also comes
@ -793,7 +792,7 @@ provides `for` and `while` statements for looping and many javascript
libraries also provide their own custom looping functions. You should libraries also provide their own custom looping functions. You should
use what you feel most comfortable with. use what you feel most comfortable with.
#### Putting `for` loops to use - Building a Skyscraper ### Putting `for` loops to use - Building a Skyscraper
For loops can be used to build enormous structures. In this next For loops can be used to build enormous structures. In this next
exercise I'm going to use a for loop to build a skyscraper. This exercise I'm going to use a for loop to build a skyscraper. This
@ -862,7 +861,6 @@ that out, creating an entire city of blocks of skyscrapers is the next
logical step. Of course, Minecraft doesn't have the same constraints logical step. Of course, Minecraft doesn't have the same constraints
as real-world densely populated areas so let your imagination go wild. as real-world densely populated areas so let your imagination go wild.
### Making Decisions ### Making Decisions
All the programs we have seen so far have been fairly predictable - they went All the programs we have seen so far have been fairly predictable - they went